Lamentations names God as the enemy and challenges God’s rejection of God’s people (Lam 2:1–8). Qoheleth questions the futility of human action and throws in the cards before an incomprehensible God (Qoh 3:16–22). Esther lets God off the hook, naming a human enemy and ordering the Jews to thwart a Persian law aimed at Jewish annihilation. In Ruth, whatever happens, God is named. In Esther, whatever happens, humans are accountable. As festival scrolls, the five cross the full range of human experience
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